DNA FINGERPRINTING?????
The chemical structure of everyone's DNA is the same. The only difference between people (or any animal) is the order of the base pairs. There are so many millions of base pairs in each person's DNA that every person has a different sequence.
Using these sequences, every person could be identified solely by the sequence of their base pairs. However, because there are so many millions of base pairs, the task would be very time-consuming. Instead, scientists are able to use a shorter method, because of repeating patterns in DNA.
These patterns do not, however, give an individual "fingerprint" ,but they are able to determine whether two DNA samples are from the same person, related people, or non-related people. Scientists use a small number of sequences of DNA that are known to vary among individuals a great deal, and analyze those to get a certain probability of a match. [2]
Using these sequences, every person could be identified solely by the sequence of their base pairs. However, because there are so many millions of base pairs, the task would be very time-consuming. Instead, scientists are able to use a shorter method, because of repeating patterns in DNA.
These patterns do not, however, give an individual "fingerprint" ,but they are able to determine whether two DNA samples are from the same person, related people, or non-related people. Scientists use a small number of sequences of DNA that are known to vary among individuals a great deal, and analyze those to get a certain probability of a match. [2]
BUT...... WHAT IS DNA OR DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID??
STRUCTURE OF DNA
DNA or Deoxyribonucleic acid is nucleic acid containing the genetic information regarding the development and functioning of all living organisms. The DNA segments carrying this genetic information are called genes. Likewise, other DNA sequences have structural purposes or are involved in regulating this genetic information.
Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi, andprotists) store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus and some of their DNA in organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. In contrast, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) store their DNA only in the cytoplasm.
DNA consists of two long polymers of simple units called nucleotides, with backbones made of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds. These two strands run are anti-parallel. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of molecules called nucleobases. It is the sequence of these four nucleobases along the backbone that encodes information. Each of the nucleobase in one strand interacts with the just one type of nucleobase on the other strand. This is called complementary base pairing. Here, purines form Hydrogen bonds to pyrimidines, with A bonding only to T, and C bonding only to G. This arrangement of two nucleotides binding together across the double helix is called a base pair as shown in the figure. There are many properties which are necessary for the DNA to be in the stable form like the distance between the grooves, twist and turn, base pairing etc.. [3], [4] & [21]
DNA can be used for many purposes like Genetic Engineering, Forensics, Phylogenetics, bioinformatics, DNA nanotechnology and also in DNA Fingerprinting...
Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi, andprotists) store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus and some of their DNA in organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. In contrast, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) store their DNA only in the cytoplasm.
DNA consists of two long polymers of simple units called nucleotides, with backbones made of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds. These two strands run are anti-parallel. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of molecules called nucleobases. It is the sequence of these four nucleobases along the backbone that encodes information. Each of the nucleobase in one strand interacts with the just one type of nucleobase on the other strand. This is called complementary base pairing. Here, purines form Hydrogen bonds to pyrimidines, with A bonding only to T, and C bonding only to G. This arrangement of two nucleotides binding together across the double helix is called a base pair as shown in the figure. There are many properties which are necessary for the DNA to be in the stable form like the distance between the grooves, twist and turn, base pairing etc.. [3], [4] & [21]
DNA can be used for many purposes like Genetic Engineering, Forensics, Phylogenetics, bioinformatics, DNA nanotechnology and also in DNA Fingerprinting...